Statue of the emperor Marcus Aurelius

This much restored statue and its head do not belong together. The head depicts Marcus Aurelius in his second portrait type, which probably originated around 140 AD on the occasion of his appointment as consul, and which superseded the youthful portrait type remaining valid with slight modifications until his accession to power in 161 AD. Marcus Aurelius was a Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher, born on April 26, 121 AD, in Rome, and died on March 17, 180 AD. His full name was Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus. He ascended to the throne as emperor in 161 AD and ruled until his death in 180 AD. He was the last of the “Five Good Emperors” of Rome. Marcus Aurelius is known for his leadership during times of conflict, particularly his efforts in wars against Germanic tribes and the Parthians in the East. In addition to his military achievements, Marcus Aurelius is famous for his Stoic philosophy, which he practiced and documented in his personal writings known as the “Meditations.” These reflective writings provide deep insights into his thoughts on ethics, virtue, and self-discipline. Despite the pressures of his role as emperor, Marcus Aurelius sought to live in accordance with Stoic principles, promoting self-discipline and emotional control. His death marked the end of the Antonine Dynasty, and his son Commodus succeeded him on the throne. Despite the often-turbulent transition that followed his passing, Marcus Aurelius is remembered as one of the most prominent philosopher-emperors of ancient Rome.